Metabolic Rewiring Controlled by HIF-1α Tunes IgA-Producing B-Cell Differentiation and Intestinal Inflammation Background Introduction Germinal centers (GC) are critical sites for the clonal expansion of immune B cells and the affinity maturation of antibodies, as well as the occurrence of antibody class switching. Within the GC, B cells undergo so...

Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates B Cell Effector Cytokines and Promotes Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Background Introduction In recent years, the antibody-independent functions of B cells in health and disease have become a research hotspot, particularly their ability to secrete different cytokines that can activate or downregulate local i...