Metabolic Rewiring Controlled by HIF-1α Tunes IgA-Producing B-Cell Differentiation and Intestinal Inflammation Background Introduction Germinal centers (GC) are critical sites for the clonal expansion of immune B cells and the affinity maturation of antibodies, as well as the occurrence of antibody class switching. Within the GC, B cells undergo so...

Review of the Study on the Relationship Between IL-6 Signaling and the Anti-Tumor Activity of TGFβ-Specific T Cells Background and Significance of the Study Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in inflammation and hematopoiesis. However, its role in the immune system is context-dependent. While it has pro-inflam...

The Impact of CD30 on Germinal Center B Cell Dynamics and the Expansion of IgG1-Switched B Cells Background CD30 (also known as TNFRSF8) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. Initially identified as a marker of Hodgkin lymphoma, subsequent research revealed its expression on other lymphomas, such as diffuse large B-...

Critical Role of UBXN6 in Autophagy Induction and Inflammation Control in Macrophages Background The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against pathogen invasion and inflammatory responses. Monocytes and macrophages, as key cell types in the innate immune system, play critical roles during infection and inflammation. However, ...

NUDT21 Regulates Macrophage Hyperactivation via the Autophagy Pathway Academic Background The inflammatory response is a critical component of the body’s immune defense, facilitating pathogen clearance and tissue repair. However, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease ...

Report on the Academic Paper Inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and rosacea, are common chronic skin conditions worldwide, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Traditional topical drug delivery methods, while simple and non-invasive, suffer from poor skin penetration and long-term side effects. Therefore, developing an effe...

Osteochondral Abnormalities on Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MRI Scans Are Associated with Knee Cartilage Degradation Academic Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease, characterized by pain and disability. A hallmark of OA is the progressive loss of articular hyaline cartilage, which connects to the sub...

Academic Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing autoimmune disorder primarily comprising Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The exact pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, but it is known that abnormal immune responses play a critical role in its development, particularly the imbalance of CD4+ T cells. The...

Neoadjuvant Oncolytic Virus OrienX010 Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor Toripalimab for Resectable Acral Melanoma: Phase Ib Clinical Trial Background Acral melanoma (AM) is a highly aggressive subtype of melanoma with a high incidence in the Chinese population, accounting for approximately 40% of melanoma cases. Despite advances in melanoma treatment, c...

Effectiveness of Ocrelizumab in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Real-World Study Background and Research Motivation Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex, inflammatory, and degenerative demyelinating disease primarily affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It can lead to neurological impairments in ...