Study on the Hypothalamus-Habenula Circuit Regulating Risk Preference Academic Background In complex and uncertain environments, animals need to assess risks to make survival-favorable decisions. When faced with safe and risky options, animals usually exhibit a strong preference for one option, which remains consistent over time. However, how this ...

Experience-Dependent Dopamine Modulation of Male Aggression in Mice Academic Background Aggression is a common social behavior in the animal kingdom, crucial for territory defense, resource competition, and mate protection. Although the role of dopamine in regulating aggression has been extensively studied, its specific neural mechanisms remain unc...

The Impact of Aging and Antioxidants on the Recovery from Spreading Depolarization in Locusts Academic Background Spreading Depolarization (SD) is a phenomenon that temporarily shuts down neural processing in both mammals and insects. In humans, SD is associated with various pathological states, such as migraine aura and neuronal death following tr...

In a study titled “Visual Experience Reduces the Spatial Redundancy between Cortical Feedback Inputs and Primary Visual Cortex Neurons,” Rodrigo F. Dias, Radhika Rajan, and their team explored how visual experience influences the spatial redundancy of cortical feedback pathways. This research was carried out by scientists from the Champalimaud Neur...

The Ventral Subiculum Promotes Wakefulness Through Multiple Pathways in Male Mice Background The ventral subiculum (vsub) is a major output region of the hippocampus, playing a crucial role in motivation, stress integration, and anxiety-like behavior, all of which depend on a high state of wakefulness. However, the role of vsub in wakefulness and i...