Academic Background Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells, and the integrity of the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) is crucial for cellular function. Prohibitin (PHB) is a highly conserved protein family, consisting of two subtypes, PHB1 and PHB2, which play important roles in various cellular processes, including mitochondrial stress s...

Academic Background Nanoparticles (NPs) have increasingly been applied in the medical field, particularly in bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their unique physicochemical properties, have become a focal point in biomedical research. However, despite their significant therapeutic potential, the biosafety ...

Academic Background Equilibrioception is a crucial ability for mammals to perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. This ability relies on the rapid mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) response of vestibular hair cells (VHCs), which detects the position and motion of the head. Although previous studies have shown that transmembrane channe...

T cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs), thereby initiating immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. However, the specificity of TCRs—their ability to distinguish self-antigens from non-self antigens—is central to the effective...

Academic Background Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a crucial experimental technique for determining the structures of macromolecules such as proteins. However, the effectiveness of Cryo-EM is often hindered by noise and missing density values caused by experimental conditions such as low contrast and conformational heterogeneity. Althou...

Academic Background The field of neuroscience has long been dedicated to understanding how neural circuits generate and control complex behaviors. Although simple model organisms, such as mollusks, crustaceans, and annelids, have provided valuable models for research due to their accessible nervous systems and large characteristic neurons, in many ...

Endocannabinoids Released on Demand via Extracellular Microvesicles Academic Background Endocannabinoids (ECBs) are a class of lipid neurotransmitters that play a critical role in brain function by activating cannabinoid receptor CB1. Unlike classical neurotransmitters, the storage and release mechanisms of ECBs have remained elusive, leading to si...

GABAergic Synapses Between Auditory Efferent Neurons and Type II Spiral Ganglion Afferent Neurons in the Mouse Cochlea Background Introduction The complexity and precision of the auditory system have always been important topics in neuroscience research. As a key component of the auditory system, the interactions between cells and neurons within th...

The Impact of Circadian Rhythms and Behavioral Cycles on Caloric Intake in Adolescents Varies by Weight Status Academic Background The prevalence of obesity continues to rise globally, particularly among adolescents, increasing the risk of various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. While previous s...

Brain Age Prediction Study Based on MEG Time Series Academic Background With the extension of human lifespan, understanding changes in the brain throughout the life cycle has become increasingly important. The structure and function of the brain undergo significant changes with age, which not only affect cognitive functions but are also closely rel...