Exploration of the History of Water on Mars: From Seasonal Cycles to Long-Term Evolution Academic Background As one of the planets in the solar system closest to Earth, Mars has long been a focus of scientific interest. The presence and evolution of water on Mars are directly related to whether the planet once had conditions suitable for life. Unde...

Inferring Phase Transitions and Critical Exponents from Limited Observations with Thermodynamic Maps Academic Background Phase transitions are ubiquitous phenomena in nature, ranging from the boiling of water to the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in magnetic materials, and even to conformational changes in biomolecules such as proteins and n...

MINFLUX Nanoscopy in Biological Tissue: Breaking the Resolution Barrier of Fluorescence Microscopy Academic Background Fluorescence microscopy plays a crucial role in biological research, but its resolution is limited by the diffraction barrier, typically around 200 nanometers. In recent years, the development of super-resolution microscopy (SR) te...

Chiral π Domain Walls Composed of Twin Half-Integer Surface Disclinations in Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals Academic Background π domain walls in ferroelectric materials are interfaces that separate regions of different polarizations. Their structures are not only of fundamental interest but also hold practical importance in many application...

Triple Oxygen Isotopes of Lunar Water Reveal Indigenous and Cometary Heritage The origin of water on the Moon has long been a pivotal question in planetary science, especially with the increasing need for water resources in the race to establish lunar bases. Potential sources of lunar water include indigenous lunar components, water production by s...

The Oxygen Isotope Identity of the Earth and Moon with Implications for the Formation of the Moon and Source of Volatiles Academic Background The isotopic similarity between Earth and Moon rocks has long been a significant puzzle in geochemistry and cosmochemistry, contradicting prevailing models of Moon formation, particularly the “Giant Impact Th...

Exploring, Sampling, and Interpreting Lunar Volatiles in Polar Cold Traps Academic Background The permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) at the lunar poles, along with other surface volatile deposits, are critical sampling targets for future human missions to the Moon. These volatiles hold significant scientific value and could potentially shift strat...

# Basis Restricted Elastic Shape Analysis on the Space of Unregistered Surfaces ## Introduction Analyzing three-dimensional (3D) surfaces has become increasingly important in computer vision, driven by the emergence of high-accuracy 3D scanning devices. These devices have significantly increased the availability of 3D data, enabling applications in...

Controlling the Spectral Persistence of a Random Laser Research Background Since their theoretical proposal by Letokhov in the 1960s, Random Lasers (hereinafter referred to as RLs) have gradually become a widely researched field. A significant feature of RLs is that they do not require precisely manufactured optical cavities, which gives them consi...

Special Report: Pound–Drever–Hall Feedforward Technique: Laser Phase Noise Suppression Beyond Feedback Authors: Yu-Xin Chao, Zhen-Xing Hua, Xin-Hui Liang, Zong-Pei Yue, Li You, Meng Khoon Tey Institution: State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Journal: Optica Publication D...