Academic Background Proton transfer plays a central role in biological energy conversion (e.g., ATP synthesis) and signal transduction. Traditional theory posits that protons move via a “hopping mechanism” through water chains or amino acid side chains, while the recently proposed “proton-coupled electron transfer” (PCET) hypothesis suggests that e...
Academic Background Bowling is one of the most popular sports in the United States, with over 45 million people regularly participating as of 2017. With millions of dollars at stake in national competitions each year, improving player scores has become a research focus. However, due to the complexity of calculations and the numerous variables affec...
Academic Background Studying the behavior of materials under extreme conditions (such as high pressure and high temperature) is an important topic in condensed matter physics and materials science. Laser shock technology can apply extremely high pressure to materials on a nanosecond timescale, while X-ray diffraction technology can capture structur...
Background Attosecond science is a cutting-edge field that studies the ultrafast dynamics of electrons in atoms, molecules, and solids. Since the discovery of High-Order Harmonic Generation (HHG) and the experimental realization of attosecond pulses, attosecond science has rapidly advanced, becoming a powerful tool for investigating electron dynami...
Academic Background With the advent of the information age, integrated circuits (ICs) have become the driving force behind technological advancements. However, traditional integrated photonics platforms, such as silicon and silicon nitride, face numerous limitations in material properties. For instance, silicon’s indirect bandgap restricts its use ...
Academic Background In recent years, structured light has demonstrated great potential in simulating topological skyrmion textures encountered in high-energy physics, cosmology, magnetic materials, and superfluids. Skyrmions are non-singular, localized topological structures initially proposed in nuclear physics and later extensively studied in sup...
Academic Background Germanium (Ge), as one of the Group IV elements, holds significant importance in both fundamental science and technological applications. Its metastable polymorphs have garnered considerable attention due to their unique nanostructures and excellent electronic and optical properties. However, the phase transition mechanisms of g...
Academic Background Studying the physical properties of materials under extreme conditions is one of the important directions in condensed matter physics. Ultrahigh magnetic fields (exceeding 100 Tesla) can significantly alter the behavior of electrons in materials, for example, by influencing the electronic and crystal structures through the Zeema...
Research on Internal Resonance Mechanisms in Micromechanical Resonators and Their Application in Frequency Stabilization Background Introduction Micromechanical resonators play a crucial role in modern timekeeping and sensing devices due to their high frequency, high quality factor, and high sensitivity. However, the extremely low damping character...
Stochastic Response Spectrum Study of Nonlinear Systems: Introduction and Analysis Methods of Fractional Derivative Elements Academic Background In the fields of engineering and physics, nonlinear dynamic systems are widely used to model complex phenomena. However, predicting the response of these systems under stochastic excitation becomes highly ...