TLR7 Induces CCL2 Expression in Neurons via NF-κB Research Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the important mechanisms for recognizing specific molecular structures of microbes. In humans, ten TLRs (TLR1-10) are known, among which TLR3 and TLR7 are located on the endosomal membrane and play important roles in sensing virus-derived nuc...

Overview of the Role of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB Pathway in Microglial Polarization after Ischemic Stroke In recent years, ischemic stroke has become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, effective treatments for ischemic stroke are still lacking. Studies have shown that microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervo...

Background Introduction Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) have shown great potential in immunotherapy for certain hematological malignancies. However, how the CD28 and 4-1BB costimulatory domains included in CAR molecules function in CAR-T cells is still not fully understood. Both CD28 and 4-1BB domains exhibit significantly different...

Nanopolymer Targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 Reduces Neuroinflammation and Enhances Cognitive Function in Aging and Tauopathy Research Background Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These cognitive declines are closely related to the pathological aggregation of Tau prote...

YAP Inhibits the TEAD-NF-κB Complex and Suppresses the Growth of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Research Background Conventionally, the Hippo signaling pathway inhibits YAP-TEAD transcriptional complexes by keeping the transcriptional coactivator YAP phosphorylated and retained in the cytoplasm, thereby impeding tumor growth. However, researchers ...