Distinct Virtual Histology of Grey Matter Atrophy in Four Neuroinflammatory Diseases

Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Immunology, Biophysics,
virtual histology   grey matter atrophy   multiple sclerosis   NMOSD   MOGAD  

Research Background The core focus of this study is the manifestation of gray matter atrophy in neuroinflammatory diseases. Gray matter atrophy typically appears in four types of neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) positive (AQP4+) and negative (AQP4-) for aquaporin-4 an...

Diffusion Model Optimization with Deep Learning

Diffusion Model Optimization with Deep Learning

Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
deep learning   diffusion model   neural network   microstructural imaging   self-supervised learning  

Dimond: A Study on Optimizing Diffusion Models through Deep Learning Academic Background In brain science and clinical applications, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is an essential tool for non-invasively mapping the microstructure and neural connectivity of brain tissue. However, accurately estimating parameters of the diffusion signal...

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning

Information Science, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
diffusion tensor imaging   diffusion tractography   tract-specific analysis   deep learning   residual learning   convolutional neural network   data redundancy  

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning Research Background and Motivation Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) boasts unparalleled advantages in mapping the microstructure and structural connectivity of live human brain tissue. However, traditional DTI techniques require extensive angular sampling, leading to pr...

Scalp nerve block alleviates headaches associated with sonication during transcranial magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound

Medicine, Anesthesiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Bioengineering, Biophysics,
headache   magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound   scalp nerve block  

In this academic paper, the authors attempt to address the common headache complication during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (mrgFUS) treatment. Headache is a common complication, and in severe cases, it may even cause patients to be unable to tolerate ultrasound radiation and terminate the treatment. There is currently no establishe...

Unsupervised restoration of a complex learned behavior after large-scale neuronal perturbation

Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Genetics, Biophysics,
neuronal perturbation   behavioral recovery   synaptic plasticity  

This paper reports on research investigating how zebra finches recover their complex learned behaviors following large-scale neuronal perturbations. The researchers selectively disrupted the activity of the projection neurons in the HVC (hyperpallium ventralis) region critical for song sequence generation in zebra finches using genetic tools, leadi...

Closed-loop recruitment of striatal interneurons prevents compulsive-like grooming behaviors

Closed-loop recruitment of striatal interneurons prevents compulsive-like grooming behaviors

Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
compulsive behavior   striatum   parvalbumin interneurons   closed-loop optogenetics   grooming  

Obsessive-compulsive behaviors have long been associated with overactivation of the striatum. The GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs) in the striatum play a crucial role in regulating striatal activity and inhibiting inappropriate motivated behaviors. To investigate the potential role of striatal PVIs in regulating obsessive-compuls...

Dimensionality reduction beyond neural subspaces with slice tensor component analysis

Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics, Biophysics,
neural activity   tensor decomposition   covariability classes  

Background Introduction: Large-scale neural recording data can typically be described by patterns of co-activated neurons. However, the view of constraining neural activity variability to a fixed low-dimensional subspace may overlook higher-dimensional structures, such as fixed neural sequences or slowly evolving latent spaces. This study argues th...