High-Efficiency Base Editing in the Retina of Primates and Human Tissues

High-precision Base Editing Technology in Primates and Human Retina Research Background Stargardt disease is a currently untreatable, inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to macular degeneration and blindness due to loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA4 gene. The protein encoded by the ABCA4 gene is a membrane lipid flippase localized i...

Accelerated Simulation of Multi-Electrode Arrays Using Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Techniques

Accelerating Multi-Electrode Array Simulation with Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Techniques Academic Background Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) play a crucial role in the field of neural stimulation, particularly in neural prosthetics such as retinal prostheses. These devices restore vision or treat neurodegenerative diseases by electrically stimulating...

Modeling Ocular Surface Ion and Water Transport by Generation of Lipid- and Mucin-Producing Human Meibomian Gland and Conjunctival Epithelial Cells

Modeling of Ion and Water Transport on the Human Ocular Surface Background Introduction The ocular surface plays a crucial role in human physiology and diseases, especially the stability and composition of the tear film, which directly impact ocular surface health. The tear film consists of three layers: an outer lipid layer (secreted by the meibom...

Active Vision in Freely Moving Marmosets Using Head-Mounted Eye Tracking

Study of Visual Behavior in Freely Moving Primates: Development and Application of an Innovative Eye-Tracking System Academic Background The visual system is one of the most extensively studied areas within the primate nervous system, particularly concerning the mechanisms of visual pathways in the cerebral cortex. However, current research on how ...

Fixational Eye Movements as Active Sensation for High Visual Acuity

Fixational Eye Movements as Active Sensation for High Visual Acuity Academic Background Human visual perception is a complex process, especially when we attempt to maintain stable gaze. Even then, the eyes still produce small involuntary movements known as fixational eye movements (FEM). These FEM typically include drifts and microsaccades. Previou...

Sensory Processing in the Chilean Brush-tailed Mouse (Octodon degus): A Diurnal Precocial Rodent as a New Model to Study Visual Receptive Field Properties of Superior Colliculus Neurons

Academic Background The visual system is a crucial component for animals to perceive their external environment, and research on its development and function is essential for understanding the sensory mechanisms of mammals. However, traditional studies have predominantly relied on nocturnal or crepuscular laboratory rodents, such as mice, rats, and...

Residual-Dense Network for Glaucoma Prediction Using Structural Features of Optic Nerve Head

Using Residual Dense Network (RD-Net) for Glaucoma Prediction Based on Structural Features of the Optic Nerve Head Background and Research Purpose Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.” It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve head (ONH), resultin...

Overexpression of REF-1 in Neovascular Eye Diseases and Its Inhibition by a Novel Compound

REF-1 Overexpression in Neovascular Eye Diseases and Therapeutic Targeting with a Novel Inhibitor Academic Background Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a common blinding eye disease predominantly affecting individuals aged 60 years and older. nAMD is characterized by the formation of subretinal neovascularization, leading to re...

Prediction of Monocular Defocus Curves in Pseudophakia with Different Pupil Sizes

Background With the widespread adoption of cataract surgery and lens replacement surgery, the optical performance of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has become increasingly critical in determining patients’ postoperative visual quality. Predicting clinical visual performance (such as visual acuity and defocus range) is an emerging area of interest in oph...

Compact and Aberration Effects-Shielded Objective Intraocular Scatter Measurement System

Research Advances on a Novel Compact Double-Pass Intraocular Scatter Measurement System Academic Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally, accounting for approximately 50% of all blindness cases. More than 20 million people worldwide suffer from vision loss or severe impairme...