Synaptic Basis of Feature Selectivity in Hippocampal Neurons Academic Background A central question in neuroscience is how synaptic plasticity shapes the feature selectivity of neurons in behaving animals. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons (CA1PNs) exhibit one of the most striking forms of feature selectivity by forming spatially and contextually s...

Inferring Phase Transitions and Critical Exponents from Limited Observations with Thermodynamic Maps Academic Background Phase transitions are ubiquitous phenomena in nature, ranging from the boiling of water to the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in magnetic materials, and even to conformational changes in biomolecules such as proteins and n...

MINFLUX Nanoscopy in Biological Tissue: Breaking the Resolution Barrier of Fluorescence Microscopy Academic Background Fluorescence microscopy plays a crucial role in biological research, but its resolution is limited by the diffraction barrier, typically around 200 nanometers. In recent years, the development of super-resolution microscopy (SR) te...

Mechanism of Proton Release during Water Oxidation in Photosystem II Academic Background Photosystem II (PSII) is the only enzyme in nature capable of catalyzing water splitting, a reaction that not only releases oxygen but also provides electrons for biomass synthesis. The water-splitting reaction releases protons into the thylakoid lumen, forming...

Research Background The asymmetric distribution of proteins in single-cell embryos is a critical step in cell polarity and development. This asymmetry often relies on complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms and involves multiple feedback loops. In the one-cell embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the RNA-binding proteins MEX-5 and MEX-6, al...

Artificial Dynamic RNA Structure Ensemble-Guided Rational Design of a Universal RNA Aptamer-Based Sensing Tag Academic Background RNA molecules play versatile roles in both natural and synthetic biological systems, with their functions strongly dependent on their dynamic and specific three-dimensional structures. RNA secondary and tertiary structur...

Interpretation of “MassiveFold: Unveiling AlphaFold’s Hidden Potential with Optimized and Parallelized Massive Sampling” Background and Research Questions Protein structure prediction is a crucial area in life sciences, vital for understanding fundamental mechanisms in molecular biology. Recently, DeepMind’s AlphaFold achieved revolutionary progres...

Parkinson’s Disease Research Report: Beta Burst Behavior Analysis Using a Wavelet-Based Time-Frequency Detection Framework Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, including tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Recent studies have linked motor impairments in PD to excessive sy...

Deep Learning-Driven Protein Design: Generating Functional Protein Sequences Using Conditional Diffusion Models Proteins are at the core of life sciences research and applications, offering countless possibilities due to their diversity and functional complexity. With advancements in deep learning technologies, protein design has reached a new pinn...

Analysis of the Molecular Recognition and Signal Transduction Mechanism of PRRP and PRRPR Research Background Neuropeptides, as the most abundant signaling molecules in the nervous system, have over 100 identified types and play critical roles in processes like metabolism, pain sensation, and reproduction. Among them, RF-amide neuropeptides are cha...