DNA methylation patterns in the frontal lobe white matter of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy: a cross-comparative investigation

Cross-Comparative Study of DNA Methylation Patterns in the Frontal Lobe White Matter of Multiple System Atrophy, Parkinson’s Disease, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Academic Background Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis, accompanied by glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) ...

Characterisation of Premature Cell Senescence in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Single Nuclear Transcriptomics

Characterisation of Premature Cell Senescence in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Single Nuclear Transcriptomics

Characteristics of Premature Cellular Senescence in Alzheimer’s Disease: Application of Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics Research Background and Objectives Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly, characterized by extracellular deposition of β-amyloid protein and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Other patholo...

Amyloid-β peptide signature associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in familial Alzheimer’s disease with APPdup and Down syndrome

Background Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of neurons in the brain. Its main pathological features include extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). β-amyloid plaques are primarily composed of aggregated Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ). A...

Neuropathologically Directed Profiling of PRNP Somatic and Germline Variants in Sporadic Human Prion Disease

Somatic and Germline PRNP Variants in Sporadic Human Prion Disease: A Neuropathological Study Introduction Prion diseases are a class of infectious, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the pathological folding and aggregation of prion protein (PrP). Prion protein is encoded by the PRNP gene, with normal cellular prion...

Differences in the Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Proteome in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Differences in the Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Proteome in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease caused by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in cerebral blood vessels. It is common not only in the elderly and almost all patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but can also occur independently of other AD-related pathologies. The presence and severity of CAA promote the progression of AD-related cl...

Hands-On Neuroinformatics Education at the Crossroads of Online and In-Person: Lessons Learned from Neurohackademy

Neurohackademy: Combining Online and Offline Neurological Informatics Education Background Introduction In recent years, human neuroscience has entered an era of big data. Due to initiatives like the Human Connectome Project and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, scientists have acquired datasets of previously unimaginable sca...

iSCAT Microscopy and Particle Tracking with Tailored Spatial Coherence

iSCAT Microscopy and Particle Tracking with Tailored Spatial Coherence

Research on Interferometric Scattering Microscopy and Spatial Coherence Control for Multiparticle Tracking Background Introduction Interferometric Scattering (iSCAT) microscopy has demonstrated unparalleled performance in the field of label-free optical imaging, especially in the detection and imaging of isolated nanoparticles and molecules. Howeve...

Spin–Orbit Optical Broadband Achromatic Spatial Differentiation Imaging

Spin–Orbit Optical Broadband Achromatic Spatial Differentiation Imaging

Broadband Achromatic Spatial Differential Imaging with Optical Spin-Orbit Coupling Background Introduction In image processing, traditional spatial differentiation is typically accomplished through digital electronic computation. However, many big data applications require real-time and high-throughput image processing, which poses a tremendous cha...

Retrospective Study of Claudin 18 Isoform 2 Prevalence and Prognostic Association in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Research Report on Claudin 18.2 in Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Background Introduction Gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma are major global health burdens. It is estimated that in 2020 alone, there were approximately 1.7 million new cases of gastric and esophageal cancers worldwide, wi...

Regorafenib in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from the TAPUR Study

The Use of Regorafenib in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Solid Tumors: A Summary of Results from the TAPUR Study Background Introduction The BRAF gene belongs to the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase family and regulates cell proliferation and survival by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK). BRAF mutations can lead...