The Molecular Regulation of Astroglia-Driven Neuroinflammation in Experimental Glaucoma

Research Background Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness, characterized by complex neurodegenerative conditions that include extensive inflammatory responses in glial cells, accompanied by the progressive loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), optic nerve axons, and synaptic connections. Although there are variations in subtypes, topologies, and ...

Differences in the Characteristics and Functions of Brain and Spinal Cord Regulatory T Cells

Research Report: Differential Characteristics and Functions of Regulatory T Cells in the Brain and Spinal Cord Research Background and Motivation This study explored the characteristics and functional differences of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the central nervous system (CNS). Tregs play a key role in the adaptive immune response, primarily b...

Characterization of Spinal Cord Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation

Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Spinal Cord Tissue in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and the etiology and methods for predicting disease progression are still under investigation. Experimental autoimmune encephalom...

CD36 Prevents White Matter Injury by Modulating Microglial Polarization through the TRAF5-MAPK Signal Pathway

CD36 Prevents White Matter Injury by Modulating Microglial Polarization through the TRAF5-MAPK Signal Pathway

Through the Regulation of the TRAF5-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Microglial Polarization, CD36 Inhibits and Alleviates White Matter Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury Research Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) not only damages gray matter but also causes severe white matter damage. White matter damage results in a significant loss of oligodendr...

Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system

The Gender-Dependent Effects of Carbohydrate Sources and Quantity on Caspase-1 Activity in the Central Nervous System of Mice Research Background With the global intensification of aging, the incidence of cognitive impairments and dementia is rapidly increasing, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form of senile dementia. Studies have sh...

Microglia Undergo Sex-Dimorphic Transcriptional and Metabolic Rewiring During Aging

The Role of Microglia in Neuroinflammation: Metabolic and Gender Differences in Aging Research Background Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease. Even healthy aging is accompanied by a decline in cognitive function. Previous research has indicated that microglia undergo s...

Therapeutic Potential of 2-Bromo-1,4-Naphthoquinone in Multiple Sclerosis

2-Bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone Promotes CD8+ T Cell Expansion and Limits Th1/Th17 Cell Development to Alleviate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), impacting approximately 3 million people worldwide. The onset of MS is ass...

Role of Macrophages in CL-Enhanced Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injury

Key Research on the Role of Macrophages in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Background and Research Objectives Since the 1990s, research has shown that macrophages play a promoting role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and are particularly important in the conditioning lesion (CL) response. After sciatic nerve injury, macrophages accumulate at the in...

CCR5-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental autoimmune uveitis: insights from single-cell transcriptome analysis

Protective effects of CCR5-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells on experimental autoimmune uveitis Background Introduction Uveitis is an inflammatory eye disease that seriously threatens vision and can lead to complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, vitreous opacities, retinal detachment, and abnormal retinal vasculature. This disease is widesp...

The Role of Dysregulated miRNA-140 and miRNA-122 in Alzheimer's Disease

Analysis and Potential Applications of miRNAs Related to Alzheimer’s Disease Background and Research Motivation Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressively worsening neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia among the elderly. The pathological features of AD in the brain primarily include senile plaques formed by the accumulat...