S-nitrosylation of CRTC1 in Alzheimer’s Disease Impairs CREB-dependent Gene Expression Induced by Neuronal Activity Academic Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. The pathological mechanisms of AD are complex, involving various molecular and cel...

Radiation-Induced Cellular Plasticity Primes Glioblastoma for Forskolin-Mediated Differentiation Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain cancers in adults, with a median survival period of only 15 to 18 months for patients. Although surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy can delay disease progression, these treatments ...

Endocannabinoids Released on Demand via Extracellular Microvesicles Academic Background Endocannabinoids (ECBs) are a class of lipid neurotransmitters that play a critical role in brain function by activating cannabinoid receptor CB1. Unlike classical neurotransmitters, the storage and release mechanisms of ECBs have remained elusive, leading to si...

GABAergic Synapses Between Auditory Efferent Neurons and Type II Spiral Ganglion Afferent Neurons in the Mouse Cochlea Background Introduction The complexity and precision of the auditory system have always been important topics in neuroscience research. As a key component of the auditory system, the interactions between cells and neurons within th...

Study on Hormone-Neuropeptide Pathway Inhibiting Sexual Receptivity in Immature Drosophila Females Academic Background Sexual maturation is a critical developmental event in the transition from juvenile to adult, accompanied by multiple physiological and behavioral changes. In Drosophila, the process of transition from an asexual state to sexual ma...

The Role of Notch, ERK, and SHH Signaling Pathways in the Fate Determination of Cortical Glial Cells and Olfactory Bulb Interneurons Academic Background During cortical development, neurogenesis and gliogenesis are two closely connected stages. Neurogenesis primarily generates neurons, while gliogenesis produces glial cells, including astrocytes an...

Correlation between PTDP-43 Levels and Cell-Specific Molecular Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of C9orf72 ALS/FTD Patients Background Introduction Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are two types of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Their common feature is the loss of specific neuronal populations in th...

CDC42 Plays a Crucial Role in the Early Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Academic Background Liver fibrosis is a pathological process associated with various liver diseases, which may eventually progress to cirrhosis—a life-threatening condition. Currently, there are no effective treatments to halt the progression of liver fibrosis. H...

Transmission of Peripheral Blood α-Synuclein Fibrils Exacerbates Synucleinopathy and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease via Endothelial LAG3 Endocytosis Academic Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal formation and transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn). Recent studies have ...

Modeling of Ion and Water Transport on the Human Ocular Surface Background Introduction The ocular surface plays a crucial role in human physiology and diseases, especially the stability and composition of the tear film, which directly impact ocular surface health. The tear film consists of three layers: an outer lipid layer (secreted by the meibom...