Academic Background Chronic autoimmune diseases are typically triggered by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, with complex and incompletely understood mechanisms. In many cases, these diseases require lifelong immunosuppressive treatments, imposing a heavy burden on patients. Recent research has found that gut microb...
How COVID-19 Vaccines Affect Immune Responses During Breakthrough Infections Background Introduction As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, an increasing number of infections are “breakthrough infections,” occurring in individuals who have been vaccinated or previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although vaccination has significantly reduced the risk o...
Academic Report on the Role of Intestinal Epithelium-Derived IL-34 in Alleviating Graft-versus-Host Disease 1. Academic Background Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is a severe complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD is the primary determinant of morbidity and mortality du...
PD-L1 in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes T Cell Senescence through Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming Academic Background In recent years, immunotherapy has shown great promise in cancer treatment, particularly in checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-ly...
Mechanism of Combined Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Academic Background Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) is a revolutionary cancer treatment aimed at reactivating effector T cells to combat cancer. However, more than half of patients do not respond to ICB, especially those with immunologically “cold” tumors (tumors with fewer immune cells in t...
Study on Organ-Specific T Cell Differentiation in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) Academic Background Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) is a common and severe complication following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT), caused by the immune attack of donor T cells on host tissues. Although the pathological mechanis...
Study on Reducing Toxicity of CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors Academic Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has made significant progress in treating hematologic malignancies, but its application in solid tumors faces major challenges. Solid tumors often lack tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and CAR-T cells may attack norm...
Academic Background NRAS-mutant (NRASmut) melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor type, accounting for nearly 30% of all melanoma cases. NRAS is an oncogene that persistently activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in melanoma development. However, despite extensive research on MAPK pathway...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Induces Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Lung Transplantation Academic Background Introduction Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage lung diseases, but post-transplant rejection remains a major challenge affecting long-term patient survival. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is an increasingly rec...
Academic Background and Problem Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with an extremely low five-year survival rate, primarily due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Approximately 95% of PDAC patients harbor KRAS mutations, with the KRAS-G12D mutation being the most common. Although KRAS mutations have long b...