Overcoming the Preferred-Orientation Problem in Single-Particle Cryo-EM: An Innovative Solution through Deep Learning Background Introduction In recent years, single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (Single-Particle Cryo-EM) has become a core technique in structural biology due to its ability to resolve the atomic-resolution structures of bio...

Fully Automated Microfluidic Chip-Based Embryo Sexing Technology Academic Background In the egg-laying poultry industry, newly hatched male chicks are often culled immediately after hatching, as they neither lay eggs nor produce high-quality meat. Each year, approximately 372 million male chicks are culled in the European Union. This practice has s...

Single-Molecule Optical Tweezer Technique Reveals the Binding Mechanism of a Small Molecule Activator and PR65 Protein Academic Background Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a crucial enzyme in regulating cellular signaling. Its dysfunction is closely associated with various cancers and chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and chronic obstru...

Development of an Engineered Direct Electron Transfer Enzyme for Continuous Levodopa Monitoring Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of α-synuclein aggregations forming Lew...

Advances in Paper-Based Sensors for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant global public health challenges today. With the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics, more and more bacteria have developed resistance, rendering traditional treatments ineffective. According...

Early Detection of Uveal Melanoma Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Academic Background Uveal Melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by high aggressiveness, which can lead to vision loss and even life-threatening outcomes. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial for preserving vision ...

Resolving Native GABAA Receptor Structures from the Human Brain: A Breakthrough Study Academic Background GABAA receptors (γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors) are among the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, responsible for regulating fast inhibitory signaling in neurons. These receptors are not only key drug targe...

Genomic Research on Bipolar Disorder Background Introduction Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness that significantly contributes to the global disease burden. Despite its high heritability (60-80%), the majority of its genetic basis remains unclear. Previous studies have primarily focused on European populations, with limited exploratio...

Spatiotemporal Imprinting of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Diversity Background Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM cells) provide long-term immune protection at barrier sites such as the intestine. However, the heterogeneity of TRM cells and the mechanisms underlying their formation remain incompletely understood. Previous studies have ide...

The Impact of the Maternal X Chromosome on Cognition and Brain Aging in Female Mice Background Introduction In mammals, female cells possess two X chromosomes, one from the mother (maternal X chromosome, Xm) and one from the father (paternal X chromosome, Xp). During embryonic development, one of the X chromosomes is randomly inactivated, a process...