In Vitro Model of Vertebrate Trunk Development Academic Background The development of the vertebrate trunk is a highly coordinated process involving the generation and organization of multiple cell types. At the core of this process are progenitor cells located in the posterior of the embryo, which differentiate into tissues such as the neural tube...

Report on the Academic Paper Paper Source The paper, titled “Modulation of TCR Stimulation and Pifithrin-α Improves the Genomic Safety Profile of CRISPR-Engineered Human T Cells,” was authored by Laurenz T. Ursch, Jule S. Müschen, Julia Ritter, and others from institutions such as the Technical University of Munich and the University of Freiburg Me...

Academic Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical area in cancer research, where tumor cells interact with surrounding non-tumor cells to influence disease progression and therapeutic responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune suppression. Recently, the role of metab...

Report on the Academic Paper: “Multi-modal Analysis Reveals Tumor and Immune Features Distinguishing EBV-positive and EBV-negative Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders” Summary The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widely disseminated gamma-1 herpesvirus that infects approximately 90%-95% of adults globally. While EBV infection is typically as...

Miltefosine Reinvigorates Exhausted T Cells by Targeting Their Bioenergetic State Academic Background T cell exhaustion is a significant challenge in immunotherapy, particularly in cancer treatment. It typically occurs when T cells are chronically exposed to antigen stimulation, leading to a gradual loss of function, characterized by reduced effect...

Academic Background Diabetes is a global health issue affecting over 500 million people. Both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share the common feature of a significant reduction in the number of functional insulin-secreting beta cells. Therefore, restoring or increasing beta cell mass is considered a key strategy in diabetes treatme...

MINFLUX Nanoscopy in Biological Tissue: Breaking the Resolution Barrier of Fluorescence Microscopy Academic Background Fluorescence microscopy plays a crucial role in biological research, but its resolution is limited by the diffraction barrier, typically around 200 nanometers. In recent years, the development of super-resolution microscopy (SR) te...

Research Background The asymmetric distribution of proteins in single-cell embryos is a critical step in cell polarity and development. This asymmetry often relies on complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms and involves multiple feedback loops. In the one-cell embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the RNA-binding proteins MEX-5 and MEX-6, al...

Genome-Wide Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Footprinting of Transcription Factors with Deaminase Academic Background In humans and other mammals, although the genome of each somatic cell is essentially the same, the functions of different cell types vary significantly. This diversity is primarily determined by the binding of transcription factors (...

Synthetic Biology in Cancer Immunotherapy: Engineering Bacteria to Inhibit IDO Activity and Reprogram CD8+ T Cell Responses Academic Background In recent years, significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the activation of T cells to combat tumors. However, metabolic adaptations in the tumor microenvironment (TM...