Transient Brain Structure Changes After High Phenylalanine Exposure in Adults with Phenylketonuria

Medicine, Pediatrics, Neurology, Medical Imaging,
Phenylketonuria   Surface-based morphometry   Cognition   Intervention   Randomized controlled trial   Recovery  

The Impact of High Phenylalanine Exposure on Brain Structure in Adult Phenylketonuria Patients Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to elevated levels of phenylalanine (Phe) in the blood and brain. If Phe levels are not strictly controlled during...

Diffusion Model Optimization with Deep Learning

Diffusion Model Optimization with Deep Learning

Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
deep learning   diffusion model   neural network   microstructural imaging   self-supervised learning  

Dimond: A Study on Optimizing Diffusion Models through Deep Learning Academic Background In brain science and clinical applications, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is an essential tool for non-invasively mapping the microstructure and neural connectivity of brain tissue. However, accurately estimating parameters of the diffusion signal...

Self-Supervised Deep Learning-Based Denoising for Diffusion Tensor MRI

Self-Supervised Deep Learning-Based Denoising for Diffusion Tensor MRI

Medicine, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Bioengineering,
self-supervised learning   deep learning   convolutional neural network   diffusion tensor imaging   denoising  

Background Introduction Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DTI) is a widely used neuroimaging technique for imaging the microstructure of brain tissues and white matter tracts. However, noise in Diffusion-Weighted Images (DWI) can reduce the accuracy of microstructural parameters derived from DTI data and also necessitate longer acquisiti...

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning

Information Science, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Biophysics,
diffusion tensor imaging   diffusion tractography   tract-specific analysis   deep learning   residual learning   convolutional neural network   data redundancy  

DeepDTI: High-Fidelity Six-Direction Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Deep Learning Research Background and Motivation Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) boasts unparalleled advantages in mapping the microstructure and structural connectivity of live human brain tissue. However, traditional DTI techniques require extensive angular sampling, leading to pr...

Intensity Score of Vessel Wall Contrast Enhancement in MRI Allows Prediction of Disease Progression in Moyamoya Angiopathy

Intensity Score of Vessel Wall Contrast Enhancement in MRI Allows Prediction of Disease Progression in Moyamoya Angiopathy

Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging,
vessel wall enhancement   cerebrovascular disease   moyamoya disease   disease progression   stroke risk  

This study explored the value of arterial wall enhancement grading on magnetic resonance imaging in predicting disease progression of moyamoya disease. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study that included 48 patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease who underwent arterial wall imaging and digital subtraction angiography follow-up. The s...

Scalp nerve block alleviates headaches associated with sonication during transcranial magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound

Medicine, Anesthesiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Bioengineering, Biophysics,
headache   magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound   scalp nerve block  

In this academic paper, the authors attempt to address the common headache complication during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (mrgFUS) treatment. Headache is a common complication, and in severe cases, it may even cause patients to be unable to tolerate ultrasound radiation and terminate the treatment. There is currently no establishe...

Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Patients with Stroke Presenting with Low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score in Early and Late Time Windows

Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Imaging, Cardiovascular System,
mechanical thrombectomy   stroke   time window   CT score   outcomes  

Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke Patients with Low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score Background Acute ischemic stroke is a life-threatening disease, and large vessel occlusion is one of the major causes of severe disability. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke, with multiple cli...

Hyperbolic secant representation of the logistic function: Application to probabilistic multiple instance learning for CT intracranial hemorrhage detection

Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Neurology, Medical Imaging, Life Sciences, Bioengineering,
multiple instance learning   gaussian processes   bayesian variational inference   intracranial hemorrhage detection  

There has long been a problem of “weak supervision” in the field of artificial intelligence, where only part of the labels are observable in the training data, while the remaining labels are unknown. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a paradigm to address this issue. In MIL, the training data is divided into multiple “bags”, each containing multi...

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Brain Regions of Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome Patients After Chemotherapy

Medicine, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Imaging,
cerebellar mutism syndrome   functional connectivity   brain region abnormality   pediatric patients   post-chemotherapy  

Pediatric brainstem glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and surgical resection is the primary treatment method. However, posterior fossa surgery may lead to a complication known as “Pediatric Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome (CMS).” CMS is primarily characterized by temporary mutism, motor disorders, and emotional abnormali...

Phase I Trial of Dose Escalation for Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients with Large Brain Metastases

Medicine, Neurosurgery, Medical Imaging, Oncology,
brain metastases   stereotactic radiosurgery   dose escalation   preoperative radiation  

This is a phase I clinical trial that explored the safety of preoperative single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with dose escalation for patients with brain metastases. The background of this study is that for brain metastases larger than 2cm in diameter, surgery alone or single-fraction SRS alone is difficult to achieve ideal local contr...