Chiral π Domain Walls Composed of Twin Half-Integer Surface Disclinations in Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals

Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science,
ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals   π domain walls   twin half-integer surface disclinations   chiral topology   polarization reversal  

Chiral π Domain Walls Composed of Twin Half-Integer Surface Disclinations in Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals Academic Background π domain walls in ferroelectric materials are interfaces that separate regions of different polarizations. Their structures are not only of fundamental interest but also hold practical importance in many application...

Mechanism of Proton Release During Water Oxidation in Photosystem II

Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics,
Photosystem II   Water Oxidation   Proton Release   Photosynthesis   Quantum/Classical Simulations  

Mechanism of Proton Release during Water Oxidation in Photosystem II Academic Background Photosystem II (PSII) is the only enzyme in nature capable of catalyzing water splitting, a reaction that not only releases oxygen but also provides electrons for biomass synthesis. The water-splitting reaction releases protons into the thylakoid lumen, forming...

Internal Feedback Circuits Among MEX-5, MEX-6, and PLK-1 Maintain Faithful Patterning in the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics, Biophysics,
reaction-diffusion   RNA binding proteins   MEX-5   MEX-6   PLK-1   polarity feedback loops   Monte Carlo simulations  

Research Background The asymmetric distribution of proteins in single-cell embryos is a critical step in cell polarity and development. This asymmetry often relies on complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms and involves multiple feedback loops. In the one-cell embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the RNA-binding proteins MEX-5 and MEX-6, al...

Genome-Wide Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Footprinting of Transcription Factors with Deaminase

Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics,
transcription factors   deaminase   single-molecule sequencing   single-cell genomics   TF binding cooperativity  

Genome-Wide Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Footprinting of Transcription Factors with Deaminase Academic Background In humans and other mammals, although the genome of each somatic cell is essentially the same, the functions of different cell types vary significantly. This diversity is primarily determined by the binding of transcription factors (...

Capillary-Driven Self-Assembly of Soft Ellipsoidal Microgels at the Air–Water Interface

Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Organic Polymeric Materials,
microgels   anisotropic colloids   fluid interfaces   self-assembly   capillary interactions  

Capillary-Driven Self-Assembly of Soft Ellipsoidal Microgels at the Air–Water Interface Research Background The adsorption of colloidal particles at fluid interfaces (such as the air–water interface) induces interfacial deformation, leading to anisotropic interface-mediated interactions and the formation of superstructures. Soft ellipsoidal microge...

Artificial Dynamic Structure Ensemble-Guided Rational Design of a Universal RNA Aptamer–Based Sensing Tag

Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Genetics, Biophysics,
Artificial RNA   Dynamic Structure Ensemble   Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer   Biosensing   Gene Editing  

Artificial Dynamic RNA Structure Ensemble-Guided Rational Design of a Universal RNA Aptamer-Based Sensing Tag Academic Background RNA molecules play versatile roles in both natural and synthetic biological systems, with their functions strongly dependent on their dynamic and specific three-dimensional structures. RNA secondary and tertiary structur...

Toward Optimal Disease Surveillance with Graph-Based Active Learning

Mathematics, Information Science, Medicine, Environmental and Public Health,
disease surveillance   active learning   network dynamics   epidemiology   public health  

Toward Optimal Disease Surveillance with Graph-Based Active Learning Academic Background With the acceleration of globalization, the speed and scope of infectious disease transmission have significantly increased. How to effectively monitor and control the spread of infectious diseases has become a critical issue in public health. Traditional disea...

Mantle Oxidation by Sulfur Drives the Formation of Giant Gold Deposits in Subduction Zones

Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Engineering, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,
sulfur oxidation   subduction zone   gold deposits   mantle wedge   sulfur ligand  

Mantle Oxidation by Sulfur Drives the Formation of Giant Gold Deposits in Subduction Zones Academic Background Most of Earth’s metal resources are concentrated in magmatic arc environments, and subduction zones are the primary regions for mass exchange between the mantle and crust. Fluids released from subducting slabs are believed to oxidize the o...

Parallel Mechanical Computing: Metamaterials That Can Multitask

Materials Science, Information Science, Computer Science,
parallel computing   metamaterials   mechanical computing   frequency multiplexing   wave-based computing  

Parallel Mechanical Computing: Metamaterials That Can Multitask Academic Background Decades after being replaced by digital computing platforms, analog computing has regained significant interest due to advancements in metamaterials and intricate fabrication techniques. Particularly, wave-based analog computers, which perform spatial transformation...

Engineering Bacteria for Cancer Immunotherapy by Inhibiting IDO Activity and Reprogramming CD8+ T Cell Response

Medicine, Oncology, Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Bioengineering, Immunology, Microbiology,
engineered bacteria   IDO inhibitors   CD8+ T cells   cancer immunotherapy   synthetic biology  

Synthetic Biology in Cancer Immunotherapy: Engineering Bacteria to Inhibit IDO Activity and Reprogram CD8+ T Cell Responses Academic Background In recent years, significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the activation of T cells to combat tumors. However, metabolic adaptations in the tumor microenvironment (TM...