Circuit Mechanisms of Hue Selectivity in the Fruit Fly Visual System Color perception is a key aspect of visual experience, playing an important role in the interaction between organisms and their environment. In primates and other animals with three types of photoreceptor cells, neurons in the visual cortex have been found to selectively respond t...

This paper reports on research investigating how zebra finches recover their complex learned behaviors following large-scale neuronal perturbations. The researchers selectively disrupted the activity of the projection neurons in the HVC (hyperpallium ventralis) region critical for song sequence generation in zebra finches using genetic tools, leadi...

Brain Clearance Mechanism Suppressed During Sleep and Anesthesia Background Clearing metabolic wastes and toxic substances from the brain is a crucial process for maintaining a healthy nervous system. However, the specific mechanism of this process has been debated. A widely discussed viewpoint suggests that the sleep state promotes the function of...

Obsessive-compulsive behaviors have long been associated with overactivation of the striatum. The GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs) in the striatum play a crucial role in regulating striatal activity and inhibiting inappropriate motivated behaviors. To investigate the potential role of striatal PVIs in regulating obsessive-compuls...

This paper reports a study on the cognitive representation of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of midbrain dopamine neurons. The authors aimed to answer why rats work to obtain ICSS, i.e., how the pulsatile activation of dopamine neurons is represented in the brain. Research Background: The pulsatile activation of dopamine neurons is typically ...

I. Research Background and Purpose The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a glandular structure located at the entrance of the ventricular system, which is present in humans and other vertebrates, but its function has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the SCO may be involved in the regulation of neural development and the m...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related chronic neurodegenerative disorder, whose pathological mechanism involves multiple factors, including brain inflammation. Microglia, particularly those expressing the AD risk gene TREM2, are believed to play a crucial role in the development of AD, but their exact contribution has not been fully elucidated...

This is a research report on focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II. The authors aim to investigate the cellular senescence phenomenon present in FCD II and whether targeting these senescent cells can alleviate seizures. Background: FCD II is a common cortical malformation causing childhood epilepsy and developmental delay. It is caused by somatic ...

Assessing the Risks of Chemical Exposures for Neurodegenerative Diseases Introduction In recent years, many environmental chemicals, from solvents to pesticides, have been implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, a systematic approach akin to genome-wide association studies, which have identified dozens ...

Single-cell sequencing technology reveals unique splicing patterns in developing and adult mouse and human brains In the nervous system, the splicing patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) play a critical role in establishing cellular identity and regulating cellular functions. However, a comprehensive atlas depicting the mRNA splicing patterns across br...