Academic Background and Problem Statement Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. Due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), TNBC is insensitive to hormone the...

Academic Background and Problem Statement Prostate Cancer (PCA) is one of the most common malignancies in men, particularly in advanced stages, where patients typically receive Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) as the standard treatment. However, despite initial treatment efficacy, patients eventually develop Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (...

PRMT5-Regulated Splicing of DNA Repair Genes Drives Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Stem Cells Academic Background Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) are a rare subpopulation of cells within breast cancer that possess the ability to self-renew, initiate tumors, and metastasize. Despite their critical role in tumor initiation and progression, the mec...

Novel Germline Mutations in FUT7 and EXT1 Linked to Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Background Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME), also known as Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by the development of multiple cartilage-capped bone projections (osteochondromas). These osteochondromas ...

Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Academic Background Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men, second only to skin cancer. Although current treatments, such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), can induce remission in prostate cancer, ...

Academic Background and Problem Statement Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease associated with aging and is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Epidemiological studies indicate that 3%-22% of IPF patients develop lung cancer during follow-up, with the cumulative incidence increasing over time, makin...

Academic Background and Paper Introduction Background The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is dysregulated in various cancers, particularly in colorectal and endometrial cancers. Abnormal activation of this pathway is often associated with mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as APC, AXIN1/2, and β-catenin itself. Additionally, RNF43 and ZNRF3, ...

Academic Background and Problem Statement Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with approximately 1.1 million new cases diagnosed in 2020. Although advancements in early detection, surgical techniques, and oncology have led to a decline in GC mortality, the treatment of advanced or metastatic GC remains a significant cha...

Metabolic Imaging Distinguishes Ovarian Cancer Subtypes and Detects Their Early and Variable Responses to Treatment Academic Background Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most common lethal subtype. In recent years, metabolic subtypes have been ident...

Tissue Factor Promotes TREX1 Protein Stability to Evade cGAS-STING Innate Immune Response in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Academic Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly in advanced stages. Despite significant prog...