Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Axonal Function in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Axonal Function in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Academic Background Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide, affecting approximately 50% of diabetic patients. The main symptoms of DPN include neuropathic pain, numbness, and in seve...

Isorhamnetin Ameliorates Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage via Targeting FOSL1 to Activate AKT/mTOR in 6-OHDA-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells

Isorhamnetin Ameliorates 6-OHDA-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Damage by Targeting FosL1 to Activate the Akt/mTOR Pathway Academic Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNpc). This neuronal loss is closely associated with mitochondri...

The Role of Cognitive Load on Interlimb Differences in Motor Coordination in Older Adults

The Impact of Cognitive Load on Interlimb Differences in Motor Control in Older Adults Academic Background In daily life, we often observe that the dominant hand (e.g., the right hand in right-handed individuals) performs better than the non-dominant hand in simple tasks. However, these interlimb differences may be influenced by task complexity and...

Neuroimaging Meets Neurophysiology: Are There Cortical Somatotopic Motor Maps Outside of the Human Precentral Gyrus?

New Discoveries in Cortical Motor Maps Background Introduction Humans and other primates are capable of performing a wide range of complex body movements, the initiation and control of which rely on multiple cortical and subcortical structures. Among these, the primary motor cortex (M1), located in the precentral gyrus, is the core region for execu...

The Alcatraz-Strategy: A Roadmap to Break the Connectivity Barrier in Malignant Brain Tumours

Cellular Network Connectivity and Therapeutic Strategies in Malignant Brain Tumors Academic Background Malignant brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma, are among the most aggressive and lethal tumors in the central nervous system. Despite significant advancements in tumor biology and treatment methods in recent years, the median survival for glio...

Unravelling the Mosaic: Epigenetic Diversity in Glioblastoma

Epigenetic Diversity in Glioblastoma Academic Background Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite decades of research, its prognosis remains extremely poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The significant heterogeneity of glioblastoma is one of the main reasons for the slow progress in its t...

Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma: Landscapes and Treatment Directions

Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma Academic Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness and lethality. Despite standard treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rate of patients remains extremely limited, with a medi...

From Bedside to Bench: New Insights in Epilepsy-Associated Tumors Based on Recent Classification Updates and Animal Models on Brain Tumor Networks

Latest Research on Epilepsy-Associated Tumors: Classification and Animal Models Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and some patients are accompanied by brain tumors, particularly low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs). These tumors typically grow slowly but are highly associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. Although research ...

The Multifaceted Therapeutical Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Family in High-Grade Glioma

The Multifaceted Therapeutic Role of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Family in High-Grade Glioma Academic Background High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most aggressive and prevalent primary brain tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most ...

In Vivo Brain Delivery of BBB-Enabled Iduronate 2-Sulfatase in Rats

Delivery of Enzyme Replacement Therapy Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Hunter Syndrome Background Hunter syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis II, MPS II) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme. This enzyme deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (such as heparan sulfa...