Tumor Cell-Intrinsic PD-L1 Signaling Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Predicting Poor Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in PD-L1 High-Expressing Lung Cancer Research Background and Motivation In cancer immunotherapy, Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibits immune responses by binding to Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptors o...

Research Report: Dominance and Persistence of T-Cell Clones in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes during Expansion in Breast Cancer Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are lymphocytes that naturally infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and exhibit reactivity to the tumor. This subject is one of the most actively researched areas in tumor ...

The Relationship Between Autoimmune Diseases and Gastric Cancer Risk in the British Population Background Introduction Despite the overall incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the past few decades, the incidence of gastric cancer among young people in some Western countries has increased in recent years. This trend may be related to the in...

High-Throughput Discovery of MHC Class I and II Restricted T Cell Epitopes Using a Novel Synthetic Cellular Circuit Research Background and Issues In recent years, antigen discovery technologies have made remarkable progress, especially in the application of human T-cell receptors (TCRs) in the recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ...

Generation of Clinically Applicable CAR-NKT Cells Research Background Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. However, the use of autologous CAR-T cell products presents challenges such as high costs, long manufacturing ...

Long-term Model for Studying Tumor Microenvironment Complexity: Patient-derived Mini-colons Background: The interaction between tumors and their surrounding microenvironment has profound implications for cancer development and treatment. However, existing in vitro tumor models lack the ability to capture these complex interactions. To address this ...

Central Nervous System (CNS) autoimmune diseases, such as Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), are inflammatory demyelinating conditions characterized by relapses of optic neuritis and myelitis. Despite significant progress in the treatment of NMOSD, a subset of patients responds poorly to current therapies, with recurrent and difficult...

Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates B Cell Effector Cytokines and Promotes Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Background Introduction In recent years, the antibody-independent functions of B cells in health and disease have become a research hotspot, particularly their ability to secrete different cytokines that can activate or downregulate local i...

Nucleotide Base Adducts Bind MR1 and Stimulate MR1-Restricted T Cells Abstract This article provides an overview of the latest research by Vacchini et al. on MR1-restricted T cells (MR1T cells), which discovered the presence of nucleotide base adducts as MR1T cell antigens and unveiled their metabolic pathways and physiological functions in tumor c...

TREM2 Deficiency Remodels Intestinal Macrophages and Microbiota to Enhance Anti-PD-1 Tumor Immunotherapy A research team from the Washington University School of Medicine, led by Blanda Di Luccia and other scientists, recently published a study in the journal Science Immunology, revealing how intestinal microbiota and tumor-associated macrophages i...