The Therapeutic Role of IFN-γ in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis is Mediated by Tolerogenic Subsets of Splenic CD11b+ Myeloid Cells Research Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unclear, both g...

In the tumor microenvironment (Tumor Microenvironment, TME), Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 enhance the body’s natural ability to eliminate cancer cells by disrupting the inhibitory receptor-ligand interaction. However, even so, critical trials indicate that the response rate for monotherapy is <50%, with a median Progr...

Inhibition of S6K Reduces Age-Related Inflammation and Extends Lifespan through the Endosomal-Lysosomal System Research Background and Problem Description As organisms age, chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and declined immune function (immunosenescence) become important pathological foundations of many diseases in the elderly, such as ...

Tumor Cell-Intrinsic PD-L1 Signaling Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Predicting Poor Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in PD-L1 High-Expressing Lung Cancer Research Background and Motivation In cancer immunotherapy, Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibits immune responses by binding to Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptors o...

Research Report: Dominance and Persistence of T-Cell Clones in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes during Expansion in Breast Cancer Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are lymphocytes that naturally infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and exhibit reactivity to the tumor. This subject is one of the most actively researched areas in tumor ...

The Relationship Between Autoimmune Diseases and Gastric Cancer Risk in the British Population Background Introduction Despite the overall incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the past few decades, the incidence of gastric cancer among young people in some Western countries has increased in recent years. This trend may be related to the in...

High-Throughput Discovery of MHC Class I and II Restricted T Cell Epitopes Using a Novel Synthetic Cellular Circuit Research Background and Issues In recent years, antigen discovery technologies have made remarkable progress, especially in the application of human T-cell receptors (TCRs) in the recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ...

Generation of Clinically Applicable CAR-NKT Cells Research Background Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. However, the use of autologous CAR-T cell products presents challenges such as high costs, long manufacturing ...

Long-term Model for Studying Tumor Microenvironment Complexity: Patient-derived Mini-colons Background: The interaction between tumors and their surrounding microenvironment has profound implications for cancer development and treatment. However, existing in vitro tumor models lack the ability to capture these complex interactions. To address this ...

Central Nervous System (CNS) autoimmune diseases, such as Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), are inflammatory demyelinating conditions characterized by relapses of optic neuritis and myelitis. Despite significant progress in the treatment of NMOSD, a subset of patients responds poorly to current therapies, with recurrent and difficult...