The Interaction Between A2A Receptor and CB1 Receptor in GABA and Glutamate Release in the Basal Ganglia Background The basal ganglia are key structures in the brain responsible for motor control and reward-based behaviors. They receive excitatory inputs from the cortex and thalamus, with 80% of the synapses being glutamatergic, while the second mo...

Clinical Analysis of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease Overlapping with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Background In recent years, with the in-depth study of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), scientists have identified some rare cases of overlapping syndromes. Among them, the overlap between MOG Ant...

Periodic and Aperiodic Components of Subthalamic Nucleus Activity Reflect Different Aspects of Motor Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by core symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Although the neurophysiology of PD has been extensively studied, ...

Oscillatory Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and the Quantitative Features of Phosphene Perception Background Introduction Phosphenes refer to the phenomenon of perceiving light points without any external visual stimuli. This phenomenon holds significant importance in visual neuroscience and consciousness studies, as it helps us understand how ...

Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network During Opioid Use and Cessation Background Opioid abuse has become a global public health issue, particularly in the United States, where opioid overdose deaths have tripled since 1999. Opioids not only lead to addiction but are also associated with chronic pain, immune system suppression, and neu...

The Role of Oxyglutamate Carrier in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Academic Background Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a significant issue in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Although rapid blood flow restoration through thrombectomy and intravenous rt-PA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) administration can effectively...

Self-Assembled DNA-Collagen Bioactive Scaffolds Promote Cellular Uptake and Neuronal Differentiation Academic Background In molecular biology research, the interaction between DNA and proteins has always been a crucial topic for understanding cellular processes. With the deepening understanding of DNA-protein interactions, this knowledge has been w...

Sex Differences in Olfactory Behavior and Neurophysiology in Long Evans Rats Academic Background Olfaction plays a crucial role in the survival and reproduction of many species. Studies have shown that females exhibit greater sensitivity in certain olfactory behaviors compared to males. For example, human females outperform males in olfactory thres...

Computational Modeling Study on the Construction of Receptive Fields in Midget Ganglion Cells of Primate Retina Academic Background The midget pathway in the primate retina is the foundation for high spatial resolution and color perception in the visual system. A key feature of this pathway is the center-surround organization of the receptive field...

Correlated Variability in the Brain Leads to Highly Suboptimal Sensory Coding Academic Background The brain perceives the world through the activity of neural populations, but it remains unclear whether the computational goal of sensory coding is to support the discrimination of sensory stimuli or to generate an internal model of the sensory world....