Academic Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, particularly among individuals over the age of 50. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving patient survival rates. However, traditional CRC screening methods, such as colonoscopy, rely heavily on the experience and visual judgment of ph...

Academic Background Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), accounting for approximately 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although first-line immunochemotherapy (e.g., R-CHOP regimen) has shown efficacy in DLBCL patients, about 30% of patients relapse or become refractory (relapsed/refrac...

Academic Background Cancer immunotherapy has become a hot topic in cancer research in recent years, with its core goal being to activate the patient’s own immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. However, cancer cells evade immune system attacks through various mechanisms, one of which is the expression of the “don’t eat me” signal mo...

Academic Background The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly advanced our understanding of complex biological processes at the genome-wide level. However, only about 1% of the genome encodes proteins, with the majority consisting of non-coding regions that produce abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA...

Background Brain tumors, particularly medulloblastoma (MB) in children, are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in pediatric populations. Despite advancements in treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for high-risk MB remains poor. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially CAR-T cell the...

Background Esophageal cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer globally and is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, accounting for over half a million deaths annually. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the primary types of esophageal cancer, particularly prevalent in Asian regions. For patients with unresecta...

Academic Background Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the cancers with a rapidly rising incidence globally, particularly among young patients and minorities. In the United States, an estimated 81,610 new cases of RCC will be diagnosed in 2024, with approximately 30% progressing to metastatic RCC. For locally advanced RCC, the initial treatment i...

Academic Background Circulating DNA (cirdna) has garnered significant attention in recent years for its potential in tumor diagnosis, particularly in the field of liquid biopsy. cirdna not only aids in detecting tumor gene mutations but also plays a crucial role in treatment monitoring, cancer recurrence surveillance, and cancer screening. However,...

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide, with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple gene mutations and signaling pathway abnormalities. Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) is a significant molecular characteristic in breast cancer, closely related to patients’ sensitivity to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) th...

Academic Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, particularly advanced or metastatic breast cancer, which is challenging to treat and has a poor prognosis. With the development of precision medicine, the role of molecular biomarkers in breast cancer treatment has become increasingly prominent. Circulating t...