Infantile Hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor in children, with an incidence rate of approximately 4%-10%. Although most IH cases resolve spontaneously, some cases may lead to permanent pigmentation, fibrous tissue accumulation, and scarring, affecting the appearance and quality of life of children. Additionally, certain IH cas...

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies globally, with its prognosis closely related to immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS), as an essential component of the tumor microenvironment, have been associated with favorable patient outcomes. TLS are aggregates o...

Cervical Cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where its incidence and mortality rates remain high. According to statistics, there were over 600,000 new cases and more than 340,000 deaths globally in 2020. The primary cause of cervical cancer is the persistent ...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, characterized by a distinct geographical distribution, particularly with high incidence rates in Southeast Asia and Southern China. Despite significant progress in NPC treatment in recent years, the prognosis for patients remains poor, esp...

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Although early intervention and appropriate treatment have significantly improved patient survival rates, approximately 30% of cases still experience recurrence and distant metastasis, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of less than 23%. Traditional clinical prediction met...

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 20%-30% of all NSCLC cases. Despite significant advancements in lung cancer treatment in recent years, LUSC still lacks effective targeted therapies, and patients have a poor pro...

Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type globally, with the greatest disease burden in East Asia. In China, 47% of newly diagnosed colorectal cancers are rectal cancers, of which 70% are radiologically staged as locally advanced (stage II/III) at diagnosis. For decades, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with tota...

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and surgical resection (gastrectomy) is the primary treatment. Although the application of minimally invasive techniques has reduced surgical trauma, the incidence of postoperative complications after gastrectomy remains high, ranging from 20% to 40%. These complications not only ...

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a common surgery for treating tumors of the pancreas and surrounding organs, but postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of its major complications, especially in high-risk patients, where the incidence of POPF can be as high as 50%. POPF not only increases hospitalization time and medical costs but can also lead t...

Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours globally, with a particularly high incidence in East Asia. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer, aiming to reduce tumour volume and improve surgical resection rates. However, some patients may achi...