Research Report Background Introduction With an aging population and the increase in neurological and muscular diseases such as stroke, the risk of tripping and falling due to gait disorders has become a serious problem. Research shows that ankle dorsiflexion is crucial for ensuring foot clearance during the swing phase of gait. However, there is l...

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Cortical Activity - Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Evaluation Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a device that induces currents within the cerebral cortex through the generation of a magnetic fiel...

Coordination of Both Hands and Spinal Cord Neuroregulation: How Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Changes the Neural Substrate of Bimanual Actions Background: Humans use their arms in complex ways, often requiring coordination of both hands. Neurological disorders have limited this distinctive feature of the human motor system. Understanding h...

Analysis of Trend Changes in Static Balance of Parkinson’s Disease Patients to Distinguish Drug States Introduction Maintaining static body balance is crucial for daily living, which requires coordination between different body segments. Any change or decline in balance ability increases the risk of falling. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) e...

Time Synchronization of Motor-Related Cortical Potentials and Parieto-Frontocentral Connectivity in Bilateral Tasks of Stroke Patients Background In stroke rehabilitation research, functional connectivity (FC), motor-related cortical potentials (MRCP), and gait activities are common metrics related to rehabilitation outcomes. Although these have be...

Application of Wearable Biofeedback Device in Gait Assessment for Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Case Series Study Research Background Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) often exhibit abnormal gait patterns, severely affecting their independence and quality of life. Gait abnormalities primarily manifest as reduced stride length, increased step...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the developmental origin, biological characteristics, and association with eye diseases of tissue-resident macrophages in the field of ophthalmology—hyalocytes. The eye is a highly specialized sensory organ that contains the retina, part of the central nervous system, as well as non-neuronal parts like the tr...

Morphology-Specific Calcium Signaling Characteristics in Human Microglia Background and Research Objectives Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), involved in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including development, synaptic transmission, neuroplasticity, sleep, trauma, glioblastoma, and neuro...

Key Mediator Akap8l in Microglia for Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Functions via Autophagy Inhibition and Neuroinflammation Academic Background In recent years, diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) has received increasing attention. It not only poses a threat to the self-management capabilities of diabetic patients but also i...

Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: The Role of Inflammasomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Background and Purpose Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) refers to changes in brain function and pathology resulting from physical trauma to the head or neck. Apart from common behavioral and psychological disorders, post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most sever...