New Method for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer—A Protease-Activated Nanosensor Assay Background Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to its nonspecific early symptoms, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in limited treatment options and poor prognosis...

Therapeutic Potential of ASO-Mediated MSH3 Suppression in Huntington’s Disease Academic Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal expansion of the CAG repeat sequence in the huntingtin gene (HTT). This expanded CAG repeat continues to expand somatically over time, driving the onset and progression of th...

How COVID-19 Vaccines Affect Immune Responses During Breakthrough Infections Background Introduction As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, an increasing number of infections are “breakthrough infections,” occurring in individuals who have been vaccinated or previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although vaccination has significantly reduced the risk o...

Academic Report on the Role of Intestinal Epithelium-Derived IL-34 in Alleviating Graft-versus-Host Disease 1. Academic Background Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is a severe complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD is the primary determinant of morbidity and mortality du...

PD-L1 in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes T Cell Senescence through Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming Academic Background In recent years, immunotherapy has shown great promise in cancer treatment, particularly in checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-ly...

Breakthrough in Gene Therapy: Repair Drive Technology Enables In Vivo Expansion of Hepatocytes Academic Background Gene therapy has become a hot topic in medical research in recent years, especially for liver diseases. Due to the central role of the liver in metabolism, it has become a critical target for research. Although existing gene-editing te...

Mechanism of Combined Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Academic Background Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) is a revolutionary cancer treatment aimed at reactivating effector T cells to combat cancer. However, more than half of patients do not respond to ICB, especially those with immunologically “cold” tumors (tumors with fewer immune cells in t...

Amyloid-Associated Hyperconnectivity Drives Tau Spread in Alzheimer’s Disease Academic Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal aggregation and spread of tau protein in the brain. The traditional “amyloid cascade hypothesis” posits that...

Study on Organ-Specific T Cell Differentiation in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) Academic Background Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) is a common and severe complication following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT), caused by the immune attack of donor T cells on host tissues. Although the pathological mechanis...

Study on Reducing Toxicity of CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors Academic Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has made significant progress in treating hematologic malignancies, but its application in solid tumors faces major challenges. Solid tumors often lack tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and CAR-T cells may attack norm...