Background Introduction Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of lipid plaques within the arterial walls, ultimately leading to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Although the current standard treatment regimen includes statins and antip...
Academic Background Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family and was initially thought to play an important role in platelet production, leading to its development as a drug for treating thrombocytopenia. However, subsequent research found that IL-11 is not essential for hematopoiesis, and its use in patients is associated wit...
Heart Failure (HF) is a complex disease with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Cardiac cachexia, a common complication in HF patients, is characterized by significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and malnutrition, and its occurrence is independently associated with patient morbidity and mortality. Although cardiac cachexia is prevalent in HF...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disease characterized by ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction, and it is one of the primary indications for heart transplantation worldwide. The etiology of DCM is complex, including genetic factors, infections, drugs, toxins, and endocrine disturbances. Due to the heterogeneity of its causes, earl...
Background Introduction Intimal Hyperplasia (IH) is a common pathological response following vascular injury, particularly after procedures such as angioplasty or stent implantation. Although the use of Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) has significantly reduced restenosis rates, cardiovascular adverse events, including restenosis, still occur in 5% to 10%...
Academic Background Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the aorta, commonly occurring in the abdominal and thoracic aorta. Aortic aneurysms are more prevalent in individuals over the age of 65, and if not diagnosed and treated promptly, they can lead to fatal ruptures. Although age, smoking, hypertension, and m...
Research Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among patients with diabetes and insulin resistance, where the risk of CVD is significantly elevated. Although the prognosis for diabetic patients has improved in recent years, their CVD-related mortality rate remains 2 to 7 times higher...
Academic Background Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathophysiological process in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and congenital heart disease. Although cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to adverse stimuli, long-term pathological cardiac hypertrophy can lead to ...
New Mechanism of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Role of Fibroblast-Specific TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway Research Background Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure (HF) globally. Diabetic patients not only face risks of macrovascular complications such as hypertension and atherosclerosis but are also pron...
Academic Background Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is a common cardiovascular disease, particularly among diabetic patients, whose incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher than those of non-diabetic patients. Although current clinical guidelines recommend early (within 24 hours) coronary revascularization ...